A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine which operates using the diesel cycle (named after Dr. Rudolph Diesel). The defining feature of the Diesel engine is the use of compression ignition to burn the fuel, which is injected into the combustion chamber during the final stage of compression. This is in contrast to a petrol engine (gasoline AmE), which utilizes the Otto cycle, in which a fuel/air mixture is ignited by a spark plug . Diesel engines are manufactured in two stroke and four stroke versions. Diesel engines were originally used as more efficient replacement for stationary steam engines. Since the 1910s they are used in submarines, and ships. Locomotives, large trucks and in electric generating plants followed later. Starting in the 1930s were used in a few automobiles. Since the 1970s diesel engines use in larger on-road and off-road vehicles in the USA increased. As of 2007[update] about fifty percent of all new car sales in Europe are diesel.
Rudolf Diesel was born in Paris in 1858. His actual nationality was German. His parents were Bavarian immigrants. Rudolf Diesel was educated at Munich Polytechnic. After graduation he was employed as a refrigerator engineer. However, his true love lay in engine design. Diesel designed many heat engines, including a solar-powered air engine. In 1893, he published a paper describing an engine with combustion within a cylinder, the internal combustion engine. In 1894, he filed for a patent for his new invention, dubbed the diesel engine. Diesel was almost killed by his engine when it exploded. However, his engine was the first to prove that fuel could be ignited without a spark. He operated his first successful engine in 1897.
In 1898, Diesel was granted patent #608,845 for an "internal combustion engine".
Though best known for his invention of the pressure-ignited heat engine that bears his name, Rudolf Diesel was also a well-respected thermal engineer and a social theorist. Diesel's inventions have three points in common: They relate to heat transference by natural physical processes or laws; they involve markedly creative mechanical design; and they were initially motivated by the inventor's concept of sociological needs. Rudolf Diesel originally conceived the diesel engine to enable independent craftsmen and artisans to compete with large industry.[citation needed]
At Augsburg, on August 10, 1893, Rudolf Diesel's prime model, a single 10-foot iron cylinder with a flywheel at its base, ran on its own power for the first time. Diesel spent two more years making improvements and in 1896 demonstrated another model with the theoretical efficiency of 75%, in contrast to the ten percent efficiency of the steam engine. By 1898, Diesel was a millionaire. His engines were used to power pipelines, electric and water plants, automobiles and trucks, and marine craft, and soon after were used in mines, oil fields, factories, and transoceanic shipping.
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